5 Facts you should Know about the - Antimatter Antimatter is the stuff of science fiction. In the book and film Angels and Demons , Professor Langdon tries to save Vatican City from an antimatter bomb. Star Trek ’s starship Enterprise uses matter-antimatter annihilation propulsion for faster-than-light travel. But antimatter is also the stuff of reality. Antimatter particles are almost identical to their matter counterparts except that they carry the opposite charge and spin. When antimatter meets matter, they immediately annihilate into energy. While antimatter bombs and antimatter-powered spaceships are far-fetched, there are still many facts about antimatter that will tickle your brain cells. 2. Antimatter is closer to you than you think. Small amounts of antimatter constantly rain down on the Earth in the form of cosmic rays, energetic particles from space. These antimatter particles reach our atmosphere at a rate ranging from less than one per square met...
High speed signals
New system transmits high-speed unrepeated signal over 520 kilometers
The newly developed Volga platform enables high-speed transmission lines spanning over 520 kilometers, or 323 miles. Credit: T8
Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology have partnered up with engineers from Corning Inc., U.S., and T8, Russia, and developed a system for high-throughput data transfer over great distances without the need for signal repeating along the way. Systems of this kind could be used to provide internet connection and other communication services in remote communities. The study is reported in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.
Countries with large underpopulated areas—such as Russia and Canada—or those comprised by numerous islands, like Indonesia, face difficulties in providing communication services. Without intermediate electricity-powered repeater stations, the signal gets attenuated and does not arrive at the destination. To make long-haul data transmission cheaper, engineers came up with fiber optic systems that amplify the signal along the link without the need for electrical power sources. Top transmission systems available today enable data transfer at the rate of 100 gigabits per second across 500 kilometers (311 miles).
The authors of the article successfully transmitted a signal over 520 km (323 mi) at 200 Gbps. This had only been done in research labs before, but those results could not be carried over to actual applications. This time commercial cables developed by Corning were used, making the technology applicable under realistic conditions. To avoid the attenuation of the signal, it was amplified initially upon transmission and then two more times remotely, along the way.
"To amplify the signal in the passive fiber, the stimulated Raman scattering effect and remote optically pumped amplifiers were used. The Raman scattering effect allowed us to use the passive optical fiber as an amplification medium, considerably increasing the signal-to-noise ratio at link output," explained the study's lead author Dimitriy Starykh, a Ph.D. student at MIPT's Phystech School of Radio Engineering and Computer Technology.
The transmission line comprised three sections, each consisting of fiber optic cables of two types connected in series. Remote optically pumped erbium amplifiers (ROPA) were installed at the points of junction between the sections. ROPAs consume optical pump and use this energy to amplify signal. The team optimized the junction positions to increase output signal quality, placing the two ROPAs 122 km (76 mi) from the transmitter and 130 km (81 mi) from the receiver, respectively.
The researchers set the signal symbol rate to slightly short of 57 billion pulses per second; the transmitter allowed the transfer of five bits per symbol, enabling a total bit rate of 284 Gbps. While the system potentially supported data transfer at up to 400 Gbps, the engineers ran it at a reduced speed to increase the transmission distance.
"We are already working on a fiber optic system that would achieve higher transfer rates. While the current speed tops out at about 400 Gbps, we aim to reach 600 Gbps per channel with the new system," T8 CEO Vladimir Treshchikov commented. "We achieved signal improvement for rates of 200 Gbps and even 400 Gbps per channel. I think next year we could set a further transmission distance record."
The results achieved by the researchers can already be employed to provide communication services in sparsely populated areas, such as the Russian island Sakhalin.
HL- LHC HighLuminous Large Hadron Collider The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was successfully commissioned in 2010 for proton–proton collisions with a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy. It delivered 8 TeV centre-of-mass proton collisions from April 2012 until the end of Run 1 in 2013. Following a long technical stop in 2013-2014, it operated with 13 TeV centre-of-mass proton collisions during Run 2 from 2015 onwards. It is a remarkable era for cosmology, astrophysics and high energy physics (HEP) and the LHC is at the forefront of attempts to understand the fundamental nature of the universe. The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 is undoubtedly a major milestone in the history of science. Beyond this, the LHC has the potential to go on and help answer some of the key questions of the age: the existence, or not, of supersymmetry; the nature of dark matter; the existence of extra dimensions. It is also important to continue to study the properties of the Higgs – here the LHC is ...
5 Facts you should Know about the - Antimatter Antimatter is the stuff of science fiction. In the book and film Angels and Demons , Professor Langdon tries to save Vatican City from an antimatter bomb. Star Trek ’s starship Enterprise uses matter-antimatter annihilation propulsion for faster-than-light travel. But antimatter is also the stuff of reality. Antimatter particles are almost identical to their matter counterparts except that they carry the opposite charge and spin. When antimatter meets matter, they immediately annihilate into energy. While antimatter bombs and antimatter-powered spaceships are far-fetched, there are still many facts about antimatter that will tickle your brain cells. 2. Antimatter is closer to you than you think. Small amounts of antimatter constantly rain down on the Earth in the form of cosmic rays, energetic particles from space. These antimatter particles reach our atmosphere at a rate ranging from less than one per square met...
New tool uses AI to flag fake news for media fact-checkers by University of Waterloo Credit: University of Waterloo A new artificial intelligence (AI) tool could help social media networks and news organizations weed out false stories. The tool , developed by researchers at the University of Waterloo, uses deep-learning AI algorithms to determine if claims made in posts or stories are supported by other posts and stories on the same subject. "If they are, great, it's probably a real story ," said Alexander Wong, a professor of systems design engineering at Waterloo. "But if most of the other material isn't supportive, it's a strong indication you're dealing with fake news ." Researchers were motivated to develop the tool by the proliferation of online posts and news stories that are fabricated to deceive or mislead readers, typically for political or economic gain. Their system advances ongoing efforts to develop ful...
Comments
Post a Comment